User talk:Jasminekellis21
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Talk about Biology!--Jasminekellis21 (talk) 15:28, 4 April 2009 (UTC)
[edit]Biology was named by a guy named (uhh, i forgot) But anyway , it is from the word biologus. If anyone has anything to say about biology , go ahead . I love biology sooooooo much . It's my favorite subject! So please comment!--Jasminekellis21 (talk) 15:28, 4 April 2009 (UTC)
Does anyone like biology?
--Jasminekellis21 (talk) 23:24, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
Hi , I'm here . - FunGunk29
Cool! Someone finally comments on my page.--Jasminekellis21 (talk) 21:07, 17 April 2009 (UTC)
Ok.... FunGunk
So do you like biology?--Jasminekellis21 (talk) 21:07, 17 April 2009 (UTC)
no.
Then i'm sad . If anyone does... I 'd be happy to share my opinions.
Frogs
[edit]I loooooove frogs! If you do too , then say yes . If not , say no.--Jasminekellis21 (talk) 22:24, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
Also if you love club penguin , welll...... I do too.--Jasminekellis21 (talk) 22:24, 6 April 2009 (UTC) Frogs are amphibians in the order Anura (meaning "tail-less", from Greek an-, without + oura, tail), formerly referred to as Salientia (Latin saltare, to jump). The name frog derives from Old English frogga, (compare Old Norse frauki, German Frosch, older Dutch spelling kikvorsch), cognate with Sanskrit plava (frog), probably deriving from Proto-Indo-European praw = "to jump".[1]
Most frogs are characterized by long hind legs, a short body, webbed digits (fingers or toes), protruding eyes and the absence of a tail. Most frogs have a semi-aquatic lifestyle, but move easily on land by jumping or climbing. They typically lay their eggs in puddles, ponds or lakes, and their larvae, called tadpoles, have gills and develop in water. Adult frogs follow a carnivorous diet, mostly of arthropods, annelids and gastropods. Frogs are most noticeable by their call, which can be widely heard during the night or day, mainly in their mating season.
The distribution of frogs ranges from tropic to subarctic regions, but most species are found in tropical rainforests. Consisting of more than 5,000 species described, they are among the most diverse groups of vertebrates. However, populations of certain frog species are declining significantly.
A distinction is often made between frogs and toads on the basis of their appearance, caused by the convergent adaptation among so-called toads to dry environments; however, this distinction has no taxonomic basis. The only family exclusively given the common name "toad" is Bufonidae, but many species from other families are also called "toads," and the species within the toad genus Atelopus are referred to as "harlequin frogs".
More frogs
[edit]Taxonomy For more details on this topic, see List of Anuran families. The order Anura contains 4,810 species[2] in 33 families, of which the Leptodactylidae (1100 spp.), Hylidae (800 spp.) and Ranidae (750 spp.) are the richest in species. About 88% of amphibian species are frogs.
European Fire-bellied Toad (Bombina bombina)The use of the common names "frog" and "toad" has no taxonomic justification. From a taxonomic perspective, all members of the order Anura are frogs, but only members of the family Bufonidae are considered "true toads". The use of the term "frog" in common names usually refers to species that are aquatic or semi-aquatic with smooth and/or moist skins, and the term "toad" generally refers to species that tend to be terrestrial with dry, warty skin. An exception is the fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina): while its skin is slightly warty, it prefers a watery habitat.
Frogs and toads are broadly classified into three suborders: Archaeobatrachia, which includes four families of primitive frogs; Mesobatrachia, which includes five families of more evolutionary intermediate frogs; and Neobatrachia, by far the largest group, which contains the remaining 24 families of "modern" frogs, including most common species throughout the world. Neobatrachia is further divided into the Hyloidea and Ranoidea.[3] This classification is based on such morphological features as the number of vertebrae, the structure of the pectoral girdle, and the morphology of tadpoles. While this classification is largely accepted, relationships among families of frogs are still debated. Future studies of molecular genetics should soon provide further insights to the evolutionary relationships among Anuran families.[4]
Some species of anurans hybridise readily. For instance, the Edible Frog (Rana esculenta) is a hybrid of the Pool Frog (R. lessonae) and the Marsh Frog (R. ridibunda). Bombina bombina and Bombina variegata similarly form hybrids, although these are less fertile, giving rise to a hybrid zone.
Morphology and physiology
Skeleton of RanaThe morphology of frogs is unique among amphibians. Compared with the other two groups of amphibians, (salamanders and caecilians), frogs are unusual because they lack tails as adults and their legs are more suited to jumping than walking. The physiology of frogs is generally like that of other amphibians (and differs from other terrestrial vertebrates) because oxygen can pass through their highly permeable skin. This unique feature allows frogs to "breathe" largely through their skin.[citation needed] Because the oxygen is dissolved in an aqueous film on the skin and passes from there to the blood, the skin must remain moist at all times; this makes frogs susceptible to many toxins in the environment, some of which can similarly dissolve in the layer of water and be passed into their bloodstream. This may be the cause of the decline in frog populations.[citation needed]
Many characteristics are not shared by all of the approximately 5,250 described frog species. However, some general characteristics distinguish them from other amphibians. Frogs are usually well suited to jumping, with long hind legs and elongated ankle bones. They have a short vertebral column, with no more than ten free vertebrae, followed by a fused tailbone (urostyle or coccyx), typically resulting in a tailless phenotype.[citation needed]
Frogs range in size from 10 mm (0.39 in) (Brachycephalus didactylus of Brazil and Eleutherodactylus iberia of Cuba) to 300 mm (12 in) (goliath frog, Conraua goliath, of Cameroon). The skin hangs loosely on the body because of the lack of loose connective tissue. Skin texture varies: it can be smooth, warty or folded. Frogs have three eyelid membranes: one is transparent to protect the eyes underwater, and two vary from translucent to opaque. Frogs have a tympanum on each side of the head, which is involved in hearing and, in some species, is covered by skin. Most frogs do in fact have teeth of a sort. They have a ridge of very small cone teeth around the upper edge of the jaw. These are called maxillary teeth. Frogs often also have what are called vomerine teeth on the roof of their mouth. They do not have anything that could be called teeth on their lower jaw, so they usually swallow their food whole. The so-called "teeth" are mainly used to hold the prey and keep it in place till they can get a good grip on it and squash their eyeballs down to swallow their meal. Toads, however, do not have any teeth.[citation needed]
April 2009
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Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did to Royal Proclamation of 1763. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Deconstructhis (talk) 20:14, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
I'm not even listening to a real person , am I ? You don't hand write your messages , so I won't even listen . Plus, how do I know I did something weird? You don't tell me what I do wrong , so when you write next time , write better.--Jasminekellis21 (talk) 20:50, 17 April 2009 (UTC)
- Here's a hand-written message: you wrote "make people play club penguin more(actually". If you can't figure out what is wrong with that, you don't belong here. But here's the message I came here to give you: please stop writing nonsense messages like the only you added to Talk:Imagination. In fact, I can't really see any sign of serious intent in any of your contributions. Regards, Looie496 (talk) 22:09, 17 April 2009 (UTC)
Ok, well now since you hand wrote your message i will not make any unconstructive edits to wikipedia articles. ok. bye. --Jasminekellis21 (talk) 19:26, 19 April 2009 (UTC)
A science project is an educational activity for students in one of the science disciplines involving experiments or construction of models. Sometimes, students present their science project in a science fair, so they may also call it a science fair project. Science projects may be classified in 4 main types.Today science projects are nominated and are done by all students all across the world.--Jasminekellis21 (talk) 21:12, 19 April 2009 (UTC)